한글 2: Conjugating verbs and using sentence particles

Hi, we're back!
So let's figure out how to conjugate verbs that end in 다.
First, here's a recap of the 다 verbs we learned last time:
먹다 -> 먹어요
마시다-> 마셔요
만들다-> ?? (you'll have to figure it out)
I'd like to add one more which is 살다 (to live) which conjugates as 살아요.

!!The 요 form is basically verb stem + 어/아 요.!!

1. 먹다 The first step with any 다 verb is to remove 다. That leaves 먹. The vowel sound is ㅓ and there is a final constant, ㄱ. Therefore, you must add another syllable, 어. Then you attach 요. So here we go...
먹다 -> 먹 -> 먹어 -> 먹어요

2. 마시다 The ㅣ vowel also takes 어 as the following sound. However, unlike 먹다, there is no final consonant. If you conjugate it normally, it would be 마시어요 right? That doesn't sound awesome though, so it is contracted to 마셔요. 이 + 어 = 여 for some reason.
마시다 -> 마시 -> 미시어 -> 미시어요 -> 마셔요

3. 만들다 This one works basically the same as 먹다. Can you guess how it's conjugated?
만들다 ->만들 -> ?? The answer appears at the end of this entry!

4. 살다 So far all the verbs have had 어, 이, and 으 vowel sounds. However, this one is 아. That means you must use 아요.
살다 -> 살 -> 살아요

5. 오다 (to come) Here's another one for good measure. 오 sounds in the verb also take 아요. However, there is no final consonant. So, like 마시다, this verb will be squished together with the 아요 part.
오다 -> 오 -> 오아요 -> 와요

!!Conclusion: Verbs with 어, 우, 이 vowel sounds take 어요. Verbs with 아 and 오 vowel sounds take 아요.!!
You may be wondering about the other vowel sounds, but we'll get to those when we do.

Try conjugating these!
1. 웃다
2. 치다
3. 입다

Using the right sentence particle

We learned these: 는/은, 가/이, 를/을.

1. 는/은
Words that end in a vowel take 는, words that end in a consonant take 은.
For example:
나는, 재수는, 엄마는
재현은, 현숙은, 미경은

2. 가/이
This one is the same.
내가, 오빠가, 언니가
동생이, 밥이, 하늘이

3. 를/을
Same same...
너를, 우리를, 케이크를
부모님을, 하늘을, 공을

Answer to the above question: 만들다 -> 만들어요

한글 1

So I was about to make an entry about food/drink first, but then I realized... Wow, how the hell is that going to help anything. Let's begin with easy words that are actually useful!!

1. 나 (I, informal)
2. 너 (you, informal)
3. 우리 (we)

OK, that's it for today's pronouns. Yeah, really. Why, you ask? Because we need to move on to nouns, that's why!!

1. 밥 (rice, meal)
2. 콜라 (cola=Coke, Pepsi)
3. 김치 (kimchi)

Those are enough for nouns... What next then... VERBS! Please keep in mind that the verbs are in dictionary form.

1. 먹다 (to eat)
2. 마시다 (to drink)
3. 만들다 (to make)
4. 하다 (to do)

So now you have the basic elements to make a sentence. However, the Korean sentence structure is ALMOST the complete opposite of English. Check this out:
SUBJECT/TOPIC -- OBJECT -- VERB
But that's not all!! Koreans use particles to indicate exactly what the subject and object of the sentence are! I'm using a lot of exclamation points because this is very important!!!
!!!

Grammar

1. Subject
The subject of the sentence can take on two different particles: 는/은 or 이/가.
는/은: The best explanation I've heard for this is that it roughly means "as for ..." It's usually used when introducing a new subject or contrasting two different things. For example: I eat vegetables, but AS FOR SEAFOOD, I don't eat it.
이/가: Your run of the mill subject marker. Use this when you're not contrasting stuff or if the subject is within a clause. For Example: The cheese that Anna(가) likes is not in Korea.
Do you remember this from good ol' Deutsch? Die Kase (sorry no umlauts, too lazy) dass Anna mag, ist nicht in Korea.
Anywho.

2. Object
The object simply takes 을/를. If you're wondering why there're always two, it's because it depends on whether the preceding word ends in a vowel or a noun. We'll practice that more later.

3. Conjugating the verb
For the sake of simplicity, we're going to just use the 요-form for a while. It's not the highest form of politeness, but you won't get your ass kicked when you use it on the street.
This takes a while to explain so please have patience.

The conjugation depends on what vowel sound is in the verb, and whether or not it ends in a consonant. All verbs end in either 다 or 하다. 하다 is the easiest one, so let's start there.
하다 -> 해요
Now that I think about, I'm not sure why it conjugates that way, but just remember that because then it's easy as hell to conjugate any other verb that ends in 하다. For example: 사랑하다 (to love). That becomes 사랑해요 (I love you).

Verbs that end in 다 are a different story. This is becoming quite the heavy entry, so I'll continue the 다-verb in the next entry. For now, I leave these sentences for you to puzzle over:

내가 밥을 먹어요. (I eat rice/a meal)
너는 콜라를 마셔요. (You drink Coke.)<- This is not a command form.
우리는 밥을 만들어요. (We make food)
우리는 게임을 해요 (We play games)

The "I Need Ambulance" Blog Is Open!

Welcome to the foreign language blog!
외국어 블로그에 오신 것을 환영합니다!

I'm making posts about Korean and English.
저는 영어와 한국어에 대한 글을 쓰려고 합니다.

The Korean version will start from the basics.
한국어 버전은 기본적인 것부터 시작됩니다.

The English version will start at a slightly higher level.
영어 버전은 약간 더 높은 수준부터 시작됩니다.

Because I'm not fluent in Korean, there might be mistakes.
저는 한국말을 유창하게 하지 못하는 바람에 잘 못 쓸지도 모르겠습니다.

Please understand my shortcomings.
제 부족한 점을 좀 이해하시길 바랍니다.

Thank you.
감사합니다.